Overall meaning : Whatever palm trees you, Muslims, cut down or spared, leaving them standing on their roots, during the siege of the Jews of Banu An-Nadheer, were so cut down or spared by Allah’s will (no blame attaches to you for so doing), so that He might disgrace the rebellious transgressions who disobey Him.
Whatever gains were taken from the Jews of Banu An-Nadheer Allah has rightfully turned over to His Messenger (to dispose of as he deems appropriate); you Muslims, did not have to spur either horse or riding-camel or suffer any hardship whatsoever to secure them, due to the close proximity of Banu An-Nadheer’ quarters: Allah gave His Messenger authority over them. Allah has power over all things
Whatever gains that Allah turns over to His Messenger from the unbelieving people of other lands without warfare belong to Allah, to dispense with as He wills, and to the Messenger, the Messenger, his close relatives, the orphans, the needy and the stranded travellers who cannot afford travel expenses to return to their homelands. It has been so ordained that such wealth should not circulate only between the rich among you, to the exclusion of the poor. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it. Be mindful of Allah by doing what He commands and shunning what He forbids; for Allah is severe in retribution.