The First Topic : The Meaning of Species and Type
Species refers to: a specific entity that has a particular name, encompassing various things of different kinds. Thus, any two items that share the same specific name based on their original nature constitute one species. Conversely, any two items that differ in their specific name based on their original nature—such as dates, raisins, corn, wheat, and barley—are considered two distinct species. The type is defined as: a category that encompasses various entities distinguished by their characteristics, such as the different types of dates or the varieties of black and red raisins [87] - "Al-Bayan fi Madhhab Al-Imam Al-Shafi'I" by Al-Imrani( 5/ 185); " Al-Majmu' Sharh Al-Muhadhab – Takmilah Al-Subki"(10/181); "Kashaaf Al-Qina'" by Al-Buhuti (3/254). .
The Second Topic: The Inclusion of the Species of Riba in All Its Types.
Every species of the assets associated with usury includes all its various forms [88] -The various types of dates constitute one species, the different varieties of wheat are one species, the different forms of gold represent one species, the various types of silver are one species, the different kinds of barley form one species, and the different types of salt constitute one species. Refer to: "Al-Majmu' Sharh Al-Muhadhab - Takmilah Al-Subki" (10/181). .
The Evidences:
Firstly: From the Sunnah
1. Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri رضي الله عنه reported: “Bilal came to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم with a type of dates known as Barni. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم asked him, ‘Where did this come from?’ Bilal replied, ‘We had some inferior dates, so I sold two saa's of them for one saa' (a type of measurement, ( صاعto provide food for the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم.’ At that point, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم exclaimed, ‘Oh! Oh! This is Riba (usury), this is Riba (repeated it twice); do not do that. But if you wish to buy, then sell the dates for another price and then purchase them.’” [89] -Sahih Al-Bukhari (2312) and the wording or text is him; Sahih Muslim(1594).
2. Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri and Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنهما reported: “The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم appointed a man to oversee Khaybar, and he brought him dates that were jannib (of good quality). The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم asked, ‘Is all the dates of Khaybar like this?’ The man replied, No, ‘By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, we take one saa' (a type of measurement, صاع) of this for two saa's, and two saa's for three.’ The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, ‘Do not do that. Sell the mixture for dirhams, then buy the good quality ( jannib) with the dirhams.’” [90] -Sahih Al-Bukhari (2201- 2202) and the wording or text is him; Sahih Muslim (1593).
Reasoning (from these two Hadiths):
The dates, whether inferior or superior, are all one species, and any item that falls under the meaning of dates is included in this definition [91] -Refer to : "Al-Tamhid" by Ibn Abd Al-Barr( 5/128). .
Secondly: From Consensus
The consensus on this matter has been reported by Al-Tahawi [92] -Al-Tahawi said: "We did not find any difference of opinion among the scholars that black dates and other than black dates are of the same species and cannot be exchanged for one another except in equal amounts." Refer to: "Sharh Mushkil Al-Athar"( 11/379). , Ibn Hazm [93] -Ibn Hazm said: "They agreed that all types of wheat are one kind, and they agreed that all types of barley are one kind, and they agreed that all types of salt are one kind, and they agreed that all types of dates are one kind." Refer to: "Maratib Al-Ijma' " p. 85. , Ibn Abd al-Barr [94] - Ibn Abd al-Barr said: "All types of wheat are one kind by consensus, even if their colors and some of their characteristics differ, as well as their specific names like Ruz and Thimra, Samra, and Hamula, and similar terms. Likewise, all barley is one kind, and all dates, despite the differences in their colors and specific names, are one kind. Similarly, all raisins, whether red or black, are one kind." Refer to: "Al-Kafi" (2/648). , and Ibn Hajar [95] - Ibn Hajar said: "They have agreed that the sale of dates for dates is not permissible except in equal measure, whether they are of high quality or inferior. All dates, despite their different varieties, are considered one kind." Refer to: "Fath Al-Bari"( 4/400). .